![]() 4 In the 2002 to 2003 calendar year, more than 1.5 million (0.6%) Americans ≥12 years of age had abused cocaine in the past year. National Survey on Drug Use and Health estimated that 14% of people 12 years of age or older (34 million individuals) in the United States have tried cocaine at least once, 3 and over 2000 individuals per day use cocaine for the first time. 1 Cocaine is also the illicit drug that leads to the most ED visits. Level of Evidence C: Only consensus opinion of experts, case studies, or standard of care.Ĭocaine is the second most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, with only marijuana being abused more frequently. #Icd 10 imuscle sprain mid thoracic trial#Level of Evidence B: Data derived from a single randomized trial or nonrandomized studies. Level of Evidence A: Data derived from multiple randomized clinical trials. Classification of recommendations and levels of evidence are expressed in the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) format as follows:Ĭlass I: Conditions for which there is evidence for and/or general agreement that the procedure or treatment is beneficial, useful, and effective.Ĭlass II: Conditions for which there is conflicting evidence and/or a divergence of opinion about the usefulness/efficacy of a procedure or treatment.Ĭlass IIa: Weight of evidence/opinion is in favor of usefulness/efficacy.Ĭlass IIb: Usefulness/efficacy is less well established by evidence/opinion.Ĭlass III: Conditions for which there is evidence and/or general agreement that the procedure/treatment is not useful/effective and in some cases may be harmful. The goals of the present article are to provide a critical review of the literature on cocaine-associated chest pain and myocardial infarction (MI) and to give guidance for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Customer Service and Ordering Information.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB). ![]()
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